Conventional wisdom holds that the rising middle classes are a force for democracy. Yet in post-Soviet countries like Russia, where the middle class has grown rapidly, authoritarianism is deepening. Challenging a basic tenet of democratization theory, Bryn Rosenfeld shows how the middle classes can actually be a source of support for autocracy and authoritarian resilience, and reveals why development and economic growth do not necessarily lead to greater democracy.

The Autocratic Middle Class was awarded the 2022 Best Book Prize by the American Political Science Association’s Democracy & Autocracy section and a William Riker Award Honorable Mention for the best book in Political Economy published in the past two years.